弱電:弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是很常見的幾乎所有的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子產品中(zhong)都存(cun)在弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，相(xiang)對于強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而言(yan)，弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是指傳遞(di)信號(hao)所需要的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特點(dian)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小，頻率高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓小。比如說單片機引腳里出來的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)都很小，是用來進行信號(hao)處理(li)的這就(jiu)是弱(ruo)(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  強(qiang)電：強(qiang)電一般是電力系統中的電，比如說220v的照明(ming)電，以及(ji)1000多v的(de)工業用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等，強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)特點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高，頻(pin)率低，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大(da)，強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是用來驅動大(da)功(gong)率的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)設備的(de)。比(bi)如說電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動機，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)燈等用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備。

家庭(ting)電(dian)路分為強(qiang)電(dian)和弱電(dian)．在電(dian)力(li)系(xi)統中，36v以下的電(dian)壓稱為安(an)全電(dian)壓，1kv以下(xia)的電(dian)壓稱為低壓，1kv以(yi)上的電壓稱為高(gao)壓，直接供電給用戶(hu)的線路(lu)稱為配電線路(lu)，如用戶(hu)電壓為380/220v，則稱(cheng)為低(di)壓(ya)配電(dian)(dian)線路(lu)，也就是家(jia)庭(ting)裝修中所說的強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)（因它(ta)是家(jia)庭(ting)使用最高的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)）。強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)一般是指交流電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在24V以上。如家(jia)庭中(zhong)的電燈、插座等，電壓在110V~220V。家(jia)用電(dian)(dian)氣中的照明燈(deng)具、電(dian)(dian)熱水器、取暖器、冰(bing)箱、電(dian)(dian)視機(ji)、空調、音響(xiang)設備(bei)等電(dian)(dian)器均為強電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)。  智能化系統為建筑設備監控系統、安全防范系統、通訊網絡系統、信息網絡系統、火災自動報警及消防聯動等系統，以集中監視、控制和管理為目的構成的綜合系統；家庭內各種數據采集、控制、管理及通訊的控制或網絡系統等線路，則稱為智能化線路（也就是家庭裝修中所說的弱電）。弱電一般是指直流電路或音頻、視頻線路、網絡(luo)線(xian)路、電話線路，直流電壓一般在24V以內。家用電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)中的電(dian)(dian)話、電(dian)(dian)腦、電(dian)(dian)視(shi)機的信(xin)號輸入（有線(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)線(xian)路）、音響(xiang)設備(bei)(bei)（輸出端線(xian)路）等用電(dian)(dian)器均(jun)為弱電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)(bei)。

強(qiang)電和(he)弱電

電(dian)(dian)(dian)子類人們習慣分為(wei)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)力）和(he)弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)（信(xin)息(xi)）兩(liang)部(bu)分。兩(liang)者既有(you)聯系又有(you)區別，一(yi)般來說強電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)處理對(dui)象是(shi)能源(yuan)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)力），其(qi)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流大、功率大、頻率低(di)，主(zhu)要(yao)考慮的(de)問(wen)題是(shi)減少損耗、提高效率，弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)處理對(dui)象主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)信(xin)息(xi)，即信(xin)息(xi)的(de)傳送(song)和(he)控制，其(qi)特(te)點(dian)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低(di)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流小、功率小、頻率高，主(zhu)要(yao)考慮的(de)是(shi)信(xin)息(xi)傳送(song)的(de)效果問(wen)題，如(ru)信(xin)息(xi)傳送(song)的(de)保(bao)真度(du)、速度(du)、廣(guang)度(du)、可(ke)靠(kao)性。一(yi)般來說，弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)包(bao)括電(dian)(dian)(dian)視工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、通信(xin)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、消防工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、保(bao)安工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)、影像工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)等等和(he)為(wei)上述工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)服務的(de)綜合布線工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)。弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)針(zhen)對(dui)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)而言(yan)的(de)。強電(dian)(dian)(dian)=（380/220）、高壓不(bu)管。強電(dian)和弱電(dian)從概念上講，一般是(shi)(shi)容易區(qu)別(bie)的，主要(yao)區(qu)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)途的不(bu)同。強電(dian)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)作一種動力能源，弱電(dian)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)于信息傳遞。

具(ju)體而言，它們(men)大致有如下區別(bie)：（1）交流頻率(lv)不同：強電的頻率(lv)一(yi)般是(shi)50Hz（赫），稱“工頻(pin)”，意即工(gong)業用電的(de)頻率：弱電的(de)頻率往(wang)往(wang)是高(gao)頻或特高(gao)頻，以KHz（千赫）、MHz（兆(zhao)赫）計。（2）傳輸(shu)(shu)方式不同：強電(dian)(dian)以輸(shu)(shu)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路傳輸(shu)(shu)，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)的(de)傳輸(shu)(shu)有(you)有(you)線(xian)與無線(xian)之分(fen)。無線(xian)電(dian)(dian)則(ze)以電(dian)(dian)磁波傳輸(shu)(shu)。（3）功(gong)率(lv)、電壓及電流大小不同強電功(gong)率(lv)以KW（千瓦）、MW（兆(zhao)瓦(wa)）計、電壓(ya)以V（伏）、KV（千伏(fu)）計，電流(liu)以A（安）、kA（千安）計；弱電功率以(yi)W（瓦(wa)）、mW（毫瓦(wa)）計，電壓以V（伏）、mV（毫伏）計，電流以mA（毫安）、uA（微安）計，因而其電(dian)路(lu)可以(yi)用(yong)印刷電(dian)路(lu)或集成(cheng)電(dian)路(lu)構成(cheng)。當(dang)然，強電(dian)中也有高頻(pin)（數(shu)百KHz）與(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)頻設備，但電(dian)(dian)壓較高，電(dian)(dian)流也較大。又如手電(dian)(dian)筒與(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)動剃須刀雖然電(dian)(dian)壓很低，功率及電(dian)(dian)流很小，仍屬(shu)強電(dian)(dian)。由于現代技術的(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)，弱電(dian)(dian)己滲透到強電(dian)(dian)領域，如電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子(zi)器件、無線遙控等，但這(zhe)些(xie)只能算作(zuo)強電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)的(de)(de)弱電(dian)(dian)控制部分，它與(yu)(yu)(yu)被控的(de)(de)強電(dian)(dian)還(huan)是(shi)不同(tong)的(de)(de)。

在建筑電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)技術領域中，人們習(xi)慣將它分為強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)）和弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（信息(xi)）兩部分。兩者既有聯系又(you)有區(qu)別，一(yi)般來說(shuo)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的處(chu)理對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)(xiang)是能源（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)），其特(te)點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)(gao)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)大、功(gong)率(lv)大、頻(pin)率(lv)低(di)，主要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)的問題是減少損(sun)耗、提高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)率(lv)，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的處(chu)理對(dui)(dui)象(xiang)(xiang)主要(yao)是信息(xi)，即(ji)信息(xi)的傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)和控制，其特(te)點是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低(di)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小(xiao)、功(gong)率(lv)小(xiao)、頻(pin)率(lv)高(gao)(gao)，主要(yao)考(kao)慮(lv)的是信息(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)的效(xiao)果問題，如信息(xi)傳(chuan)(chuan)送(song)的保真度(du)、速度(du)、廣度(du)、可靠性(xing)。一(yi)般來說(shuo)，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視工(gong)程(cheng)、通信工(gong)程(cheng)、消防工(gong)程(cheng)、保安工(gong)程(cheng)、影像工(gong)程(cheng)等(deng)等(deng)和為上(shang)述(shu)工(gong)程(cheng)服(fu)務的綜合布線(xian)工(gong)程(cheng)。弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是針對(dui)(dui)強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而言的。強電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)=（380/220）、高壓不管。  

現(xian)代大樓布線不都存在強電井(jing)和(he)弱(ruo)電井(jing)的區(qu)分，強電井(jing)金(jin)屬橋架里只有(you)380/220v電纜，弱電井里的線花樣多了，光纖、雙絞線(xian)、視頻線、控制線，網線(xian)等等等等，這樣直觀好區分吧，兩者在布線上還很有講究，比如間距、屏蔽、接地等等，所以現在在內部防雷措施上有一條，合理布線很關鍵，強電與弱電的線纜不能同槽敷設，通過模擬不同的布線、屏蔽對信號線路的電磁感應影響情況試驗，對計算機通信網絡系統在建筑物樓內的布線有如下結論：一、進入機房的線纜應敷設于金屬槽內，并層層進行等電位連接，電源線與信號線宜平行敷設，并相隔一定距離以防干擾。

（可參照布(bu)線規(gui)范）二(er)、通信電纜(lan)布(bu)設應(ying)盡(jin)量集(ji)中在建(jian)筑物的中部(bu)。三、通信電纜(lan)線槽的設計(ji)應(ying)盡(jin)可能位于距離建(jian)筑物立(li)柱或(huo)橫梁較遠的位置(zhi)。布(bu)設應(ying)盡(jin)量避(bi)免緊靠建(jian)筑物立(li)柱或(huo)橫梁。從(cong)防雷角度上考慮，布(bu)線一定要(yao)明確(que)表(biao)示：(1)電源線不要與網絡(luo)線同槽架設，數據插(cha)座與電源插(cha)座保持一定距離；(2)廣域網(wang)線纜(lan)(lan)不要與局域網(wang)線纜(lan)(lan)同槽架(jia)設；(3)網線(xian)與墻壁布置時，有條件應遠距離安裝；(4)屏蔽槽有厚度要求，并要求兩點接(jie)地(di)電氣(qi)安裝的步驟有哪些(xie)？設計施工(gong)→選材→線路定位→鑿(zao)墻地槽→布管(guan)埋盒→管內穿線→電器設備安裝→測量檢驗(yan)。

什(shen)么(me)是電(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)？敷設在磚(zhuan)墻內(nei)(nei)(nei)、砼地面(mian)、梁、柱(zhu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)、地板內(nei)(nei)(nei)、頂棚內(nei)(nei)(nei)的線(xian)(xian)(xian)管；暗(an)設（埋）在墻內(nei)(nei)(nei)或地面(mian)、頂板的接線(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)(he)、燈(deng)頭盒(he)(he)、開(kai)(kai)關(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)等完工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后看不到的部分(fen)視(shi)為隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。什(shen)么(me)是后期的電(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)？后期的電(dian)氣(qi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)般是指(zhi)在土、木、油漆結(jie)束(shu)后家(jia)庭裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾進(jin)入尾聲(sheng)進(jin)行(xing)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作，內(nei)(nei)(nei)容有：管內(nei)(nei)(nei)穿線(xian)(xian)(xian)，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、接線(xian)(xian)(xian)；安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)；安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)燈(deng)具(ju)；安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)視(shi)分(fen)支器；安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)可視(shi)對講機(ji)等。電(dian)氣(qi)隱(yin)蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)的安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)應注意哪些問題？根據家(jia)庭裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾設計所(suo)用電(dian)器的位置，確定(ding)配(pei)電(dian)箱(xiang)(xiang)、開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)、電(dian)話插(cha)孔(kong)、有線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)視(shi)插(cha)孔(kong)、寬(kuan)帶網插(cha)孔(kong)、音響出線(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)(he)、燈(deng)具(ju)等的準(zhun)確位置，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)標(biao)高。開(kai)(kai)關(guan)、插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)盒(he)(he)與管子的連接應牢固密封。

管(guan)與(yu)管(guan)、管(guan)與(yu)器件連接的接口應用專用膠水粘合（指PVC管材、接線盒）。PVC穿線管(guan)的(de)彎曲(qu)半徑一般在管(guan)子直徑的(de)6～10倍。彎(wan)管須用PVC管(guan)(guan)(guan)專(zhuan)用的(de)(de)彈簧彎管(guan)(guan)(guan)器，不(bu)宜使用成品(pin)的(de)(de)彎頭、三(san)通等，成品(pin)的(de)(de)彎頭、三(san)通一般(ban)不(bu)能滿足(zu)彎曲半徑、施工(gong)中要將管(guan)(guan)(guan)口臨時(shi)(shi)封堵(du)，以保(bao)證(zheng)穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)壁光(guang)滑暢通、清潔、干燥(zao)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)應注意(yi)哪(na)些問題？管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)應在穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)敷設(she)完、安裝開(kai)關(guan)、插座、燈具前(qian)進行。管(guan)(guan)(guan)口、接(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)盒內(nei)(nei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)口部(bu)位應加保(bao)護圈（鎖緊螺母）保(bao)護，嚴防穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi)損傷導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣(yuan)層。不(bu)同電壓，不(bu)同回(hui)路(lu)，不(bu)同信號的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)嚴禁穿(chuan)在同一穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)。為什(shen)么導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)在穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)要有(you)足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)空(kong)隙？嚴禁導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)在穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)將管(guan)(guan)(guan)內(nei)(nei)堵(du)實。一般(ban)導(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)積與穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)積之比為1：3～1：2所穿(chuan)線根數的(de)總截面積（含線的(de)塑料外絕(jue)緣(yuan)層）不的(de)大于管內徑的(de)40%，保證(zheng)穿線(xian)(xian)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)有足夠(gou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)隙，使導線(xian)(xian)在(zai)(zai)線(xian)(xian)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)通過大電(dian)(dian)流時(shi)(shi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱量散(san)發掉。穿線(xian)(xian)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)為什么不(bu)能(neng)有接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭？接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭應在(zai)(zai)什么部位？禁止(zhi)在(zai)(zai)穿線(xian)(xian)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)導線(xian)(xian)，即若導線(xian)(xian)長度不(bu)夠(gou)需接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭時(shi)(shi)，導線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接(jie)(jie)(jie)頭處不(bu)能(neng)在(zai)(zai)穿線(xian)(xian)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)，應在(zai)(zai)開關(guan)、插座、燈(deng)頭盒(he)等接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)盒(he)內(nei)(nei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)，否則(ze)，易(yi)造成(cheng)(cheng)管(guan)內(nei)(nei)堵(du)塞，散(san)熱不(bu)良，故障點不(bu)易(yi)查找，維修(xiu)困難，并可(ke)(ke)能(neng)引發電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)火(huo)災(zai)。后期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)安(an)裝工程(cheng)應在(zai)(zai)什么時(shi)(shi)候(hou)進行？后期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)安(an)裝工程(cheng)應在(zai)(zai)土、木、油(you)漆工程(cheng)結束，室內(nei)(nei)基本(ben)清掃(sao)完(wan)成(cheng)(cheng)方可(ke)(ke)進行。安(an)裝時(shi)(shi)要注意對(dui)各(ge)工種的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)品(pin)保護(hu)，防止(zhi)因安(an)裝而造成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污染和損壞。為什么禁止(zhi)使用(yong)(yong)移(yi)動(dong)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)床(chuang)頭燈(deng)？移(yi)動(dong)式床(chuang)頭燈(deng)開關(guan)是(shi)靠軟絕(jue)緣導線(xian)(xian)與開關(guan)連(lian)(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)，在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)導線(xian)(xian)與開關(guan)如(ru)果分離(li)，帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)頭外露有可(ke)(ke)能(neng)造成(cheng)(cheng)火(huo)災(zai)或觸(chu)電(dian)(dian)事故。如(ru)何確定家用(yong)(yong)開關(guan)箱（配(pei)電(dian)(dian)箱）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量、回路數？家庭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)開關(guan)是(shi)根據家庭用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總(zong)(zong)功率(lv)來選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

而總功(gong)率是各分(fen)路功(gong)能之和的0.8倍，即總功率P總＝（P1＋P2＋P3＋……＋Pn）×0.8（kW）總開(kai)關承受的電流應為(wei)I總＝P總×4.5(A)其(qi)中P總――――總功率（容量）P1、P2、P3、……、Pn――――分(fen)路功率(lv)I總――――總電流分路開關的承(cheng)受電流為I分＝0.8 Pn×4.5（A）而空調回路(lu)要(yao)考慮到起動電流，其(qi)開關容(rong)量為I空調(diao)＝（0.8 Pn×4.5）×3（A）分(fen)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)要按家庭(ting)區域劃分(fen)。一般來說，分(fen)路(lu)(lu)的容量選(xuan)擇在1.5kW以下，單個用電器(qi)的功能在1kW以上的建議單(dan)列為一分回路(如空調、電熱水器、取(qu)暖器燈大功率家用(yong)電器) 用(yong)電量(liang)如何(he)計(ji)算(suan)？導線的(de)(de)規格(ge)如何(he)選(xuan)擇？家用(yong)電表(biao)又叫電力計(ji)量(liang)表(biao)。用(yong)電量(liang)的(de)(de)計(ji)算(suan)：1度電（kW/h）=1000W×h即(ji)用(yong)電(dian)器的(de)功率與時間的(de)乘積。導線的(de)選擇以銅芯導線為(wei)(wei)例，其(qi)經驗公式為(wei)(wei)導線截面（單位(wei)為(wei)(wei)m㎡）≈I/4(A)若(ruo)1 m㎡截面(mian)的銅芯導(dao)線的額定(ding)載流量≈4A。例：家(jia)用單相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)度表(biao)的電(dian)(dian)流為40A，選擇導線（銅芯導線截面規格有1 m㎡、1.5 m㎡>2.5 ㎡、5㎡、6㎡、>10㎡、16 ㎡、25 ㎡、35 m<㎡）為i>

如(ru)何選(xuan)用(yong)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)？當設計有規(gui)定(ding)時應按(an)設計要求(qiu)選(xuan)型，無(wu)規(gui)定(ding)時可結合主人喜好選(xuan)擇(ze)。廚房(fang)、衛生間建議選(xuan)擇(ze)有玻璃罩的燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，以(yi)免(mian)水(shui)氣、油(you)煙污(wu)染光源，便于(yu)清(qing)理。客廳可以(yi)選(xuan)擇(ze)一(yi)些藝術燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)，臥室的燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)可選(xuan)擇(ze)光照度一(yi)般的吸(xi)頂(ding)燈(deng)，照度不宜太強。也(ye)可選(xuan)用(yong)落地桿(gan)燈(deng)，利用(yong)墻面、頂(ding)棚反射獲(huo)得溫馨的舒適感。書房(fang)的燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)宜選(xuan)局部照明燈(deng)，如(ru)落地燈(deng)、寫(xie)字臺燈(deng)、工作燈(deng)燈(deng)。燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)安裝的規(gui)定(ding)是什么？燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)安裝應在(zai)油(you)漆(qi)后(hou)進行。在(zai)磚混結構上安裝燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)時，應采用(yong)預埋吊鉤、膨脹螺栓(shuan)、尼龍脹管或塑料(liao)脹管等固，嚴(yan)禁使用(yong)木楔；當燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)(ju)重(zhong)量大(da)于(yu)4kg時，應(ying)采用(yong)預埋吊鉤或螺栓固定(ding)(ding)。固定(ding)(ding)件承載能力(li)應(ying)與燈(deng)具的重量相匹配。燈(deng)具不得(de)直接安(an)裝(zhuang)在可燃構件上，當燈(deng)具表面高(gao)溫(wen)部分靠近可燃物時，應(ying)采取隔(ge)熱、散(san)熱措(cuo)施。管吊燈(deng)具，鋼管內(nei)徑不得(de)小(xiao)于10mm；鋼(gang)管(guan)壁厚不得小(xiao)于1.5mm。鏈吊(diao)燈具的燈頭線(xian)不應受拉力，燈線(xian)應與吊(diao)鏈編叉在一(yi)起。

軟線吊燈的軟線兩端(duan)應做(zuo)保(bao)護扣，兩端(duan)應搪錫。同一(yi)室內(nei)或場所成排(pai)安(an)裝的燈具，其中心線偏差不應大于(yu)5mm（設計另有(you)要求的除(chu)外）。日光燈(deng)(deng)及其附件應(ying)(ying)配(pei)套使用，安(an)裝位置應(ying)(ying)便于檢查(cha)和維(wei)修(xiu)。燈(deng)(deng)具固定應(ying)(ying)牢(lao)靠(kao)。當絕緣臺直徑(jing)為(wei)75mm以上時，每個燈具固定用的螺栓不(bu)應少(shao)于2個。如何選(xuan)用(yong)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)？安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)的規定是什么？目前家(jia)庭裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾一般選(xuan)擇暗裝(zhuang)(zhuang)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)。市場上(shang)的插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)品(pin)種繁多，但形(xing)式(shi)大體相同(tong)，建(jian)議(yi)業(ye)主選(xuan)擇有品(pin)牌的插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)，以(yi)保證質量(liang)。

插座安裝應(ying)注意以(yi)下幾點：

（1）插座(zuo)的安裝高(gao)度，當設(she)計有規定(ding)時應按設(she)計要求安裝；當設(she)計不(bu)明確時，一般(ban)應符(fu)合下(xia)列要求：帶有安全門的插座(zuo)不(bu)低于0.3M。不(bu)帶安全門的插座不(bu)低與1.8M。建議盡可(ke)能購(gou)買帶有安全門的插座(zuo)，因(yin)為兩者價格相差不大(da)。

（2）在衛生間或(huo)其他(ta)潮濕場所應采用密封(feng)良好的防水(shui)、防濺(jian)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)。注：帶(dai)有安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)門(men)(men)的插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)是在一般(ban)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)的基(ji)礎上(shang)增加了(le)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)孔(kong)金屬(shu)簧片前的塑料擋板（安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)門(men)(men)）。三孔(kong)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)，當插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)頭(tou)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)時接地(di)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)頭(tou)（略長）先插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)孔(kong)內，插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)內機構動(dong)作(zuo)方(fang)打開(kai)另(ling)兩個孔(kong)門(men)(men)，兩孔(kong)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)必須同(tong)時插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)樁(zhuang)(zhuang)頭(tou)，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)門(men)(men)方(fang)可(ke)打開(kai)，以防幼(you)童誤(wu)將(jiang)金屬(shu)物插(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)入(ru)引發安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事故。

（3）插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)安裝時其面板(ban)應(ying)端(duan)正并緊貼墻面。而且接(jie)線(xian)(xian)（相位）應(ying)符(fu)合下列要求：單相兩孔(kong)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)，面對插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)的右孔(kong)或上孔(kong)接(jie)相線(xian)(xian)（火線(xian)(xian)）；左(zuo)孔(kong)或下孔(kong)接(jie)零線(xian)(xian)。單相三(san)孔(kong)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)，面對插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)的右孔(kong)接(jie)相線(xian)(xian)（L、火線(xian)），左孔(kong)接零線(xian)（N），上孔接地線（PE）。

怎樣檢查測量(liang)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)質量(liang)？線(xian)(xian)路(lu)的(de)質量(liang)主要(yao)是(shi)看線(xian)(xian)路(lu)是(shi)無有斷路(lu)，絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻是(shi)否符合要(yao)求。其測量(liang)方法是(shi)：切(qie)斷電源用兆歐表(biao)（500V.0～500M歐）對各回路(lu)進行絕緣電阻測試：～220V回路，其絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻(zu)應達到0.25M歐(ou)以(yi)上為合格；～380V回路，其(qi)絕(jue)緣電阻應達(da)到0.38M歐以上為合格。有線(xian)電(dian)視(shi)線(xian)路敷設應注意哪些問題(ti)？有線(xian)電(dian)視(shi)的接(jie)入戶內及(ji)分支(zhi)配線(xian)器應根據家庭使用(yong)電(dian)視(shi)機(ji)的數(shu)量及(ji)位置，選取相(xiang)應分支(zhi)數(shu)的匹配器、放射至(zhi)各使用(yong)點，導線(xian)一般采用(yong)sky75－5同軸電(dian)纜穿(chuan)PVC20管（該(gai)同軸(zhou)電(dian)纜必須有(you)國家或地方(fang)廣(guang)電(dian)部門允許(xu)生產和(he)進(jin)網的許(xu)可(ke)證(zheng)），注(zhu)意連(lian)線(xian)(xian)中間不能有(you)接頭(tou)，以保(bao)證(zheng)收(shou)視效果。電(dian)話(hua)線(xian)(xian)敷設應注(zhu)意哪些問(wen)題(ti)？戶外電(dian)話(hua)線(xian)(xian)的引入，除(chu)了原有(you)1路電(dian)話線，還應(ying)預留2對輸(shu)入穿(chuan)線管(guan)PVC16，一對用(yong)于通訊，另一對將來用(yong)于計算機接入寬帶網(wang)(wang)。有的電信部門(men)已(yi)將網(wang)(wang)線（寬帶）設置到了每戶門(men)外，因此(ci)裝飾時家中應預先把網(wang)(wang)絡線4（2*0.5）、PVC20設(she)置戶外，便于與網絡線(xian)連接(jie)。穿(chuan)線(xian)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)選用的(de)(de)電話(hua)線(xian)、網絡線(xian)質(zhi)量必須符合國家(jia)標準，穿(chuan)線(xian)管(guan)(guan)內(nei)不能有(you)接(jie)頭(tou)，不能積(ji)水、潮濕，線(xian)路要(yao)避開干擾(rao)源強磁(ci)場及(ji)其(qi)他大功率電器干擾(rao)。敷設(she)家(jia)庭影院（音(yin)響）的(de)(de)環繞立(li)體聲(sheng)喇(la)叭(ba)應注意哪些問(wen)題？有(you)家(jia)庭影院的(de)(de)家(jia)庭，其(qi)音(yin)響設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)環繞立(li)體聲(sheng)喇(la)叭(ba)通常放在觀(guan)看者背后。

在(zai)家裝時因此(ci)需采(cai)用80-100芯RBV2×1.5水晶扁(bian)平線穿(chuan)PVC20管至觀看(kan)者背后(hou)(hou)適當(dang)位置。如果別的(de)(de)(de)房間也想共(gong)享(xiang)這個影視，可預留前線和(he)視頻線。電熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器(qi)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)調試應(ying)注(zhu)意什么(me)？電熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)必須使用配套的(de)(de)(de)專用掛鉤和(he)膨脹管或(huo)膨脹螺栓(shuan)，安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)、牢固、美觀、給電熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器(qi)供電的(de)(de)(de)插(cha)座一(yi)定要(yao)有接地，插(cha)座與(yu)電熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器(qi)插(cha)頭應(ying)配套。試驗時，應(ying)排除熱(re)(re)水(shui)(shui)器(qi)膽內空氣，注(zhu)滿(man)水(shui)(shui)后(hou)(hou)方可通電啟動。隨著科技發展以及智(zhi)能建筑時代的到(dao)(dao)來，弱(ruo)電與強電工程越來越受到(dao)(dao)人們的重視，然而又有多少人知(zhi)道他們的區(qu)別(bie)；

  弱(ruo)電(dian):弱電是(shi)很常見的(de)(de)幾乎所(suo)有的(de)(de)電子(zi)產品中都(dou)存在弱電，相對于強(qiang)電而言，弱電是(shi)指傳遞(di)信(xin)號(hao)所(suo)需要的(de)(de)電流(liu)和電壓(ya)，弱電特(te)點是(shi)電流(liu)小(xiao)，頻率高(gao)，電壓(ya)小(xiao)。比如(ru)說單(dan)片機(ji)引腳里(li)出來(lai)的(de)(de)電壓(ya)，電流(liu)都(dou)很小(xiao)，是(shi)用來(lai)進行信(xin)號(hao)處理的(de)(de)這(zhe)就(jiu)是(shi)弱電。

  強電(dian)：強電(dian)一(yi)般是電(dian)力系(xi)統中的(de)電(dian)，比如說220v的照明電，以及1000多v的(de)(de)工業用(yong)電(dian)(dian)等，強電(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)特點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高，頻率低(di)，電(dian)(dian)流大(da)，強電(dian)(dian)是(shi)用(yong)來驅動(dong)大(da)功率的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)力設備的(de)(de)。比如說電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機，電(dian)(dian)燈等用(yong)電(dian)(dian)設備。

家庭電(dian)路分為(wei)強電(dian)和弱(ruo)電(dian)．在電(dian)力系統中(zhong)，36v以下的電壓稱為安全電壓，1kv以(yi)下的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)稱為低壓(ya)(ya)，1kv以上的電(dian)壓稱(cheng)為高壓，直接供(gong)電(dian)給(gei)用戶的線路(lu)稱(cheng)為配電(dian)線路(lu)，如用戶電(dian)壓為380/220v，則稱為(wei)低壓(ya)配電(dian)(dian)線(xian)路(lu)，也就(jiu)是家(jia)庭裝修中所(suo)說(shuo)的(de)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)（因它是家(jia)庭使用最高的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)）。強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)一般是指交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)在(zai)24V以上。如(ru)家庭中的電燈、插座等，電壓在110V~220V。家用電氣中(zhong)的照明燈具、電熱水器(qi)、取暖器(qi)、冰箱、電視(shi)機(ji)、空調、音(yin)響設(she)備等(deng)電器(qi)均為強電電氣設(she)備。  智能化系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)為建(jian)筑設備監控(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、安全防(fang)范系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、通訊網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、信息(xi)網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)、火災自動報警(jing)及消防(fang)聯(lian)動等系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，以集中監視(shi)、控(kong)(kong)制和管理(li)為目的(de)構(gou)成(cheng)的(de)綜合系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)；家(jia)庭內(nei)各種(zhong)數據采集、控(kong)(kong)制、管理(li)及通訊的(de)控(kong)(kong)制或網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)等線路(lu)，則稱為智能化線路(lu)（也就是家(jia)庭裝修中所說(shuo)的(de)弱(ruo)電）。弱(ruo)電一(yi)般是指直流電路(lu)或音頻、視(shi)頻線路(lu)、網(wang)絡(luo)(luo)線路(lu)、電話線路(lu)，直流電壓一(yi)般在24V以(yi)內。家用電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)中的電(dian)(dian)話、電(dian)(dian)腦、電(dian)(dian)視機(ji)的信號輸入（有線電(dian)(dian)視線路）、音響(xiang)設(she)備(bei)（輸出(chu)端線路）等用電(dian)(dian)器均為(wei)弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備(bei)。

強電(dian)和弱(ruo)電(dian)

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子類人們(men)習慣(guan)分(fen)為(wei)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力）和弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（信息(xi)）兩(liang)部分(fen)。兩(liang)者既有聯系又(you)有區(qu)別，一般來說(shuo)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)對(dui)象是(shi)能(neng)源（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力），其特(te)點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大、功率(lv)(lv)(lv)大、頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)低，主要(yao)考慮的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題是(shi)減少損耗、提高效率(lv)(lv)(lv)，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)處理(li)對(dui)象主要(yao)是(shi)信息(xi)，即(ji)信息(xi)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)送和控制，其特(te)點是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小、功率(lv)(lv)(lv)小、頻率(lv)(lv)(lv)高，主要(yao)考慮的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)信息(xi)傳(chuan)送的(de)(de)(de)效果(guo)問(wen)題，如信息(xi)傳(chuan)送的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)真(zhen)度(du)、速度(du)、廣度(du)、可靠性。一般來說(shuo)，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視工(gong)程(cheng)、通信工(gong)程(cheng)、消防工(gong)程(cheng)、保(bao)安工(gong)程(cheng)、影像工(gong)程(cheng)等等和為(wei)上述工(gong)程(cheng)服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)綜合(he)布線工(gong)程(cheng)。弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)針對(dui)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而言的(de)(de)(de)。強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)=（380/220）、高(gao)壓不(bu)管。強電和(he)弱電從概(gai)念上講，一(yi)般是(shi)(shi)(shi)容易區別的(de)，主要區別是(shi)(shi)(shi)用途的(de)不(bu)同。強電是(shi)(shi)(shi)用作一(yi)種(zhong)動(dong)力能源，弱電是(shi)(shi)(shi)用于信息傳遞。

具體而言，它們大致有(you)如下區(qu)別：（1）交流頻(pin)率不同：強電的(de)頻(pin)率一(yi)般是50Hz（赫），稱“工頻”，意即工業(ye)用電的頻(pin)率：弱(ruo)電的頻(pin)率往往是高頻(pin)或特高頻(pin)，以KHz（千赫）、MHz（兆赫）計。（2）傳輸(shu)方式不同：強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以(yi)輸(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)路傳輸(shu)，弱電(dian)(dian)(dian)的傳輸(shu)有(you)有(you)線(xian)(xian)與無(wu)線(xian)(xian)之分。無(wu)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)則(ze)以(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁波傳輸(shu)。（3）功(gong)率、電(dian)壓及電(dian)流大(da)小不同強電(dian)功(gong)率以KW（千瓦(wa)）、MW（兆瓦）計、電壓以V（伏）、KV（千(qian)伏）計(ji)，電流以A（安）、kA（千安）計；弱電(dian)功率(lv)以W（瓦）、mW（毫瓦）計，電(dian)壓以V（伏）、mV（毫伏）計，電流以mA（毫安）、uA（微安）計，因(yin)而其電(dian)(dian)路可(ke)以用印刷電(dian)(dian)路或(huo)集成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路構成(cheng)。當然，強電(dian)(dian)中(zhong)也(ye)有(you)高頻（數百KHz）與中頻設備，但電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較高，電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)也較大。又如(ru)手電(dian)(dian)筒與電(dian)(dian)動剃須刀(dao)雖然電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)很(hen)低，功率(lv)及電(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)很(hen)小，仍屬強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)。由于現代技術的(de)發展，弱電(dian)(dian)己滲(shen)透到(dao)強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)領域(yu)，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子器件、無線遙(yao)控等，但這些只能算作(zuo)強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)中的(de)弱電(dian)(dian)控制(zhi)部分，它與被控的(de)強(qiang)(qiang)電(dian)(dian)還(huan)是不同的(de)。

在建筑(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器技術領域中，人們(men)習慣將它分為(wei)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)）和(he)(he)弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)（信(xin)息(xi)）兩部分。兩者既有(you)聯系又有(you)區別，一(yi)般來(lai)說(shuo)強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)處理對象是(shi)(shi)能源(yuan)（電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)），其特點是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流大、功率(lv)大、頻率(lv)低，主(zhu)要(yao)考慮的(de)問題(ti)是(shi)(shi)減少損(sun)耗、提高效率(lv)，弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)處理對象主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)(shi)信(xin)息(xi)，即信(xin)息(xi)的(de)傳(chuan)送(song)(song)和(he)(he)控制(zhi)，其特點是(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓低、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流小(xiao)、功率(lv)小(xiao)、頻率(lv)高，主(zhu)要(yao)考慮的(de)是(shi)(shi)信(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)送(song)(song)的(de)效果問題(ti)，如信(xin)息(xi)傳(chuan)送(song)(song)的(de)保真(zhen)度、速度、廣度、可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)。一(yi)般來(lai)說(shuo)，弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)視工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、通信(xin)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、消防工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、保安工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)、影像工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)等等和(he)(he)為(wei)上述工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)服(fu)務的(de)綜合布線工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)。弱(ruo)(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)(shi)針對強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而言的(de)。強(qiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)=（380/220）、高壓(ya)不管。  

現代大樓布線不(bu)都(dou)存(cun)在強(qiang)電(dian)井和弱電(dian)井的(de)區分，強(qiang)電(dian)井金屬橋架里只有(you)380/220v電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)，弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)井里的線花樣多了(le)，光纖、雙絞線、視頻(pin)線、控制線，網(wang)線等(deng)等(deng)等(deng)等(deng)，這樣直觀好區分(fen)吧，兩者在(zai)布(bu)線上還很有(you)講(jiang)究，比如(ru)間距、屏(ping)蔽、接(jie)地等(deng)等(deng)，所以現(xian)在(zai)在(zai)內部(bu)防雷措施上有(you)一條，合理布(bu)線很關鍵(jian)，強電(dian)(dian)(dian)與弱(ruo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的線纜(lan)不能同(tong)槽敷(fu)設，通過(guo)模擬不同(tong)的布(bu)線、屏(ping)蔽對(dui)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)線路的電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁感應影響情況(kuang)試(shi)驗(yan)，對(dui)計算機(ji)通信(xin)(xin)網(wang)絡系統在(zai)建筑物樓內的布(bu)線有(you)如(ru)下結(jie)論：一、進(jin)(jin)入機(ji)房的線纜(lan)應敷(fu)設于金屬槽內，并(bing)層層進(jin)(jin)行等(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)位連接(jie)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線與信(xin)(xin)號(hao)線宜平行敷(fu)設，并(bing)相隔一定距離以防干擾。

（可參照布(bu)(bu)線(xian)規(gui)范）二、通(tong)信電纜布(bu)(bu)設應盡(jin)量(liang)集中(zhong)在建(jian)筑物的(de)中(zhong)部(bu)。三、通(tong)信電纜線(xian)槽的(de)設計應盡(jin)可能位于距離(li)建(jian)筑物立柱或橫梁較(jiao)遠(yuan)的(de)位置。布(bu)(bu)設應盡(jin)量(liang)避免緊(jin)靠建(jian)筑物立柱或橫梁。從防(fang)雷角度上考慮(lv)，布(bu)(bu)線(xian)一定要明確表示(shi)：(1)電源(yuan)線不(bu)要與網(wang)絡線同槽(cao)架設(she)，數(shu)據插座與電源(yuan)插座保持一定距離；(2)廣域網線纜不要與局域網線纜同槽架設；(3)網線與墻壁布置時，有(you)條件應遠距離安裝；(4)屏蔽槽有厚(hou)度(du)要求，并(bing)要求兩(liang)點接地電氣安裝的步驟有(you)哪些？設計施工→選材→線路(lu)定位→鑿墻地槽(cao)→布(bu)管埋盒→管內(nei)穿線→電(dian)器(qi)設備安裝→測量檢驗。

什(shen)么是電(dian)(dian)氣安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)的(de)隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程？敷設(she)(she)在磚墻內(nei)(nei)、砼地(di)面(mian)、梁、柱內(nei)(nei)、地(di)板(ban)內(nei)(nei)、頂棚內(nei)(nei)的(de)線(xian)(xian)管(guan)；暗設(she)(she)（埋）在墻內(nei)(nei)或地(di)面(mian)、頂板(ban)的(de)接線(xian)(xian)盒、燈(deng)頭盒、開關箱等完工(gong)后(hou)看不到(dao)的(de)部分(fen)視(shi)為隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程。什(shen)么是后(hou)期(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程？后(hou)期(qi)(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)氣安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)工(gong)程一般是指在土、木、油漆結束(shu)后(hou)家庭裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾進入尾聲進行的(de)工(gong)作，內(nei)(nei)容(rong)有：管(guan)內(nei)(nei)穿線(xian)(xian)，安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)開關箱內(nei)(nei)開關、接線(xian)(xian)；安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)開關、插座(zuo)；安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)燈(deng)具(ju)；安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)有線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)分(fen)支器(qi)(qi)；安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)可視(shi)對講機等。電(dian)(dian)氣隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程的(de)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)應(ying)注意哪些(xie)問(wen)題？根據家庭裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾設(she)(she)計所(suo)用電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)位(wei)置，確定配電(dian)(dian)箱、開關、插座(zuo)、電(dian)(dian)話插孔、有線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)視(shi)插孔、寬(kuan)帶網插孔、音響出線(xian)(xian)盒、燈(deng)具(ju)等的(de)準確位(wei)置，安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)標高。開關、插座(zuo)盒與管(guan)子(zi)的(de)連(lian)接應(ying)牢固密封(feng)。

管與管、管與器件連接的接口應用專用膠水(shui)粘合（指PVC管材、接線盒）。PVC穿線管的彎曲半徑一般在管子(zi)直徑的6～10倍。彎管須用PVC管專用(yong)的(de)(de)彈簧彎管器，不(bu)宜使用(yong)成品(pin)的(de)(de)彎頭(tou)、三通(tong)等(deng)，成品(pin)的(de)(de)彎頭(tou)、三通(tong)一般(ban)不(bu)能滿(man)足(zu)彎曲(qu)半徑、施工(gong)中要(yao)將管口臨時封堵，以保證穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管內壁光滑暢通(tong)、清(qing)潔、干燥。管內穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應(ying)注(zhu)意哪(na)些問題？管內穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)應(ying)在(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)敷設完、安裝開(kai)關、插座、燈具前進(jin)行。管口、接線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒內管口部位應(ying)加(jia)保護圈（鎖緊螺母(mu)）保護，嚴(yan)防(fang)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時損傷導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)絕緣層(ceng)。不(bu)同(tong)電壓(ya)，不(bu)同(tong)回路，不(bu)同(tong)信號的(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)嚴(yan)禁穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)在(zai)同(tong)一穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管內。為什么導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管內要(yao)有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)空隙？嚴(yan)禁導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管內將管內堵實。一般(ban)導(dao)(dao)(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)截面(mian)積與(yu)穿(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管截面(mian)積之比為1：3～1：2所穿線根(gen)數的(de)總截面(mian)積（含線的(de)塑(su)料外(wai)絕緣(yuan)層）不的(de)大于管(guan)內徑的(de)40%，保證穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)內有足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)隙，使導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在(zai)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)內通過大電(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量(liang)散(san)發掉(diao)。穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)內為什么(me)不能有接頭(tou)(tou)？接頭(tou)(tou)應(ying)在(zai)什么(me)部位？禁(jin)止在(zai)穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)內連接導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，即若導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)長度不夠需接頭(tou)(tou)時(shi)，導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)接頭(tou)(tou)處(chu)不能在(zai)穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)管(guan)內，應(ying)在(zai)開(kai)(kai)關、插座、燈(deng)(deng)頭(tou)(tou)盒等接線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒內接線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，否則，易造成(cheng)管(guan)內堵(du)塞，散(san)熱(re)不良，故(gu)(gu)障點(dian)不易查找，維修困(kun)難，并可能引(yin)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣火災(zai)。后期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣安(an)裝工(gong)程應(ying)在(zai)什么(me)時(shi)候進行(xing)？后期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣安(an)裝工(gong)程應(ying)在(zai)土(tu)、木、油漆工(gong)程結束，室內基本清掃完成(cheng)方可進行(xing)。安(an)裝時(shi)要注意對(dui)各(ge)工(gong)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)品保護，防止因安(an)裝而造成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染和損壞。為什么(me)禁(jin)止使用(yong)移動(dong)式的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)床頭(tou)(tou)燈(deng)(deng)？移動(dong)式床頭(tou)(tou)燈(deng)(deng)開(kai)(kai)關是靠(kao)軟絕緣導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與開(kai)(kai)關連接，在(zai)使用(yong)中導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與開(kai)(kai)關如果分(fen)離，帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)頭(tou)(tou)外露有可能造成(cheng)火災(zai)或(huo)觸電(dian)(dian)(dian)事故(gu)(gu)。如何確(que)定家(jia)用(yong)開(kai)(kai)關箱（配電(dian)(dian)(dian)箱）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容量(liang)、回路數？家(jia)庭(ting)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總開(kai)(kai)關是根據家(jia)庭(ting)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總功率來選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

而總功(gong)率是各分(fen)路功(gong)能之和的0.8倍，即(ji)總功率P總＝（P1＋P2＋P3＋……＋Pn）×0.8（kW）總開關承受的電流(liu)應為(wei)I總＝P總(zong)×4.5(A)其中P總――――總功(gong)率（容量）P1、P2、P3、……、Pn――――分路功率I總――――總(zong)電(dian)流(liu)分路開關的承受電(dian)流(liu)為I分＝0.8 Pn×4.5（A）而空(kong)調回路要考慮到起動電流，其開關容量(liang)為I空調＝（0.8 Pn×4.5）×3（A）分回(hui)路(lu)要按家庭區(qu)域劃分。一(yi)般來(lai)說，分路(lu)的容(rong)量選擇在1.5kW以(yi)下，單個用電器(qi)的功(gong)能在1kW以上的(de)建議單列為一分回路(lu)(如空調、電(dian)(dian)熱水器(qi)、取暖(nuan)器(qi)燈大功率家用電(dian)(dian)器(qi)) 用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)如何計算(suan)？導線的(de)(de)規格如何選擇？家用(yong)(yong)電表又叫電力(li)計量(liang)表。用(yong)(yong)電量(liang)的(de)(de)計算(suan)：1度電（kW/h）=1000W×h即用電器的(de)功率與時間的(de)乘(cheng)積。導線的(de)選擇(ze)以(yi)銅芯導線為例，其(qi)經驗公式為導線截面（單位為m㎡）≈I/4(A)若1 m㎡截面(mian)的銅芯導線的額定載流量≈4A。例：家用單相電(dian)度表的電(dian)流為40A，選擇導線（銅芯導線截面(mian)規格(ge)有1 m㎡、1.5 m㎡>2.5 ㎡、5㎡、6㎡、>10㎡、16 ㎡、25 ㎡、35 m<㎡）為i>

如(ru)何選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)？當設(she)計(ji)有規定時(shi)應(ying)按設(she)計(ji)要(yao)求(qiu)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)型，無規定時(shi)可(ke)結合主(zhu)人喜好選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)。廚房(fang)、衛生間建議(yi)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)有玻璃罩的(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)，以免水氣(qi)、油煙污(wu)染光源(yuan)，便(bian)于(yu)清(qing)理。客廳可(ke)以選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)一(yi)些藝(yi)術燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)，臥(wo)室的(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)可(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)光照度一(yi)般(ban)的(de)(de)吸頂(ding)(ding)燈(deng)(deng)，照度不(bu)宜太(tai)強。也可(ke)選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)用落地桿燈(deng)(deng)，利用墻(qiang)面、頂(ding)(ding)棚反射獲得溫馨的(de)(de)舒適感(gan)。書房(fang)的(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)宜選(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)局部照明燈(deng)(deng)，如(ru)落地燈(deng)(deng)、寫(xie)字臺燈(deng)(deng)、工作燈(deng)(deng)燈(deng)(deng)。燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)規定是(shi)什么？燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)應(ying)在油漆后進行(xing)。在磚混結構(gou)上安(an)(an)裝(zhuang)燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)時(shi)，應(ying)采用預(yu)埋吊(diao)鉤、膨脹螺栓、尼龍(long)脹管(guan)或(huo)塑料(liao)脹管(guan)等(deng)固(gu)，嚴禁使(shi)用木楔(xie)；當燈(deng)(deng)具(ju)(ju)重量大于(yu)4kg時(shi)，應采用預埋吊鉤或螺(luo)栓固(gu)定(ding)。固(gu)定(ding)件承載能力應與(yu)燈(deng)具(ju)的重量(liang)相匹配(pei)。燈(deng)具(ju)不得直接安裝(zhuang)在可燃構件上(shang)，當(dang)燈(deng)具(ju)表面高溫部分靠近可燃物時(shi)，應采取隔熱、散熱措施。管吊燈(deng)具(ju)，鋼管內徑不得小于10mm；鋼管壁厚不得小(xiao)于(yu)1.5mm。鏈(lian)吊燈(deng)(deng)具的燈(deng)(deng)頭線(xian)(xian)不應受拉力，燈(deng)(deng)線(xian)(xian)應與吊鏈(lian)編叉在一起。

軟線吊燈(deng)的軟線兩(liang)端應做保護扣，兩(liang)端應搪錫(xi)。同一室內(nei)或場(chang)所成排安裝(zhuang)的燈(deng)具，其中心線偏差不(bu)應大于5mm（設計另(ling)有要求的除外）。日光(guang)燈及其(qi)附件應配套使用(yong)，安裝位置(zhi)應便于(yu)檢查和維修。燈具(ju)固定應牢靠。當(dang)絕緣臺直(zhi)徑為75mm以上(shang)時，每(mei)個燈具固定用的(de)螺栓不應少于2個。如(ru)何選用插(cha)座？安裝插(cha)座的(de)規定是(shi)什么(me)？目(mu)前家庭裝飾(shi)一般(ban)選擇暗裝插(cha)座。市場上的(de)插(cha)座品(pin)種繁多，但形式(shi)大體相(xiang)同，建議業(ye)主選擇有(you)品(pin)牌的(de)插(cha)座，以保證(zheng)質量。

插座(zuo)安裝(zhuang)應注(zhu)意(yi)以(yi)下幾點：

（1）插(cha)座的安裝高(gao)度，當設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)有規定時應(ying)按設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)要求安裝；當設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)(ji)不明(ming)確時，一般應(ying)符合下列(lie)要求：帶(dai)有安全門的插(cha)座不低于0.3M。不帶(dai)安全門的插座不低與(yu)1.8M。建議盡可能購買帶有安全門的插座(zuo)，因(yin)為兩者價格(ge)相差不大。

（2）在衛生間或其他潮(chao)濕場所應(ying)采用(yong)密封良好的(de)防水、防濺插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。注：帶有安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)門的(de)插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)在一般(ban)插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)基礎上增加了(le)插孔金屬簧片前的(de)塑(su)料擋板（安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)門）。三孔插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)，當插頭插入(ru)時(shi)(shi)接地樁(zhuang)頭（略長）先插入(ru)孔內，插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內機構動作方打開另兩(liang)個孔門，兩(liang)孔插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)必須同時(shi)(shi)插入(ru)插座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)樁(zhuang)頭，安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)門方可(ke)打開，以防幼童誤將金屬物插入(ru)引發安(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)事(shi)故。

（3）插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)安裝時其面(mian)(mian)板應端正并緊貼墻面(mian)(mian)。而且接(jie)(jie)線(xian)（相位）應符合下(xia)列要求(qiu)：單相兩孔(kong)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)，面(mian)(mian)對插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)的右孔(kong)或(huo)上(shang)孔(kong)接(jie)(jie)相線(xian)（火線(xian)）；左孔(kong)或(huo)下(xia)孔(kong)接(jie)(jie)零線(xian)。單相三孔(kong)插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)，面(mian)(mian)對插(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)的右孔(kong)接(jie)(jie)相線(xian)（L、火線），左(zuo)孔接零(ling)線（N），上孔接(jie)地線（PE）。

怎樣檢查(cha)測量線路的(de)質(zhi)量？線路的(de)質(zhi)量主要(yao)是看(kan)線路是無有斷路，絕緣電(dian)阻是否符合要(yao)求(qiu)。其(qi)測量方(fang)法(fa)是：切斷電(dian)源用(yong)兆歐表（500V.0～500M歐）對各回路進行絕緣電(dian)阻測試(shi)：～220V回路，其絕緣電阻應達到0.25M歐以上為合格；～380V回路，其絕緣電阻應(ying)達到0.38M歐以上(shang)為合格(ge)。有(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)視線(xian)(xian)(xian)路敷設應注意哪些問(wen)題？有(you)線(xian)(xian)(xian)電(dian)視的接入戶內(nei)及分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)配線(xian)(xian)(xian)器應根據家庭(ting)使用電(dian)視機的數量(liang)及位(wei)置，選取(qu)相應分(fen)(fen)支(zhi)(zhi)數的匹配器、放射至各使用點，導(dao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)一般采用sky75－5同軸(zhou)電纜穿PVC20管（該同(tong)軸電纜必須有國家或地方廣電部門允許生產(chan)和進網的(de)許可證(zheng)），注意(yi)連線中間不能有接頭(tou)，以保證(zheng)收視(shi)效(xiao)果(guo)。電話(hua)線敷設應注意(yi)哪些問題？戶(hu)外(wai)電話(hua)線的(de)引入(ru)，除(chu)了(le)原有1路電話線(xian)，還應預留2對輸入穿線管PVC16，一對(dui)用(yong)于通訊，另一對(dui)將來(lai)用(yong)于計(ji)算機接入寬帶網。有的電信部門已(yi)將網線（寬帶）設置到了每戶門外，因(yin)此裝飾(shi)時家中應預先把網絡線4（2*0.5）、PVC20設(she)置戶外，便于與網絡線(xian)(xian)連接。穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)管內(nei)選用的電(dian)話(hua)線(xian)(xian)、網絡線(xian)(xian)質量必須符合國(guo)家標準，穿(chuan)線(xian)(xian)管內(nei)不(bu)能有(you)接頭，不(bu)能積水、潮濕，線(xian)(xian)路要避開干擾源強磁(ci)場(chang)及(ji)其他大功率電(dian)器(qi)干擾。敷設(she)家庭(ting)影院（音響(xiang)）的環(huan)繞(rao)立體聲喇(la)(la)叭應注意哪(na)些問題？有(you)家庭(ting)影院的家庭(ting)，其音響(xiang)設(she)備的環(huan)繞(rao)立體聲喇(la)(la)叭通常放在(zai)觀看者背后。

在(zai)家裝時因此需(xu)采用80-100芯RBV2×1.5水(shui)晶(jing)扁平線穿PVC20管至觀看者背后適當位置。如果別的房間也想共享這個影視，可預留前線和視頻線。電熱水器安裝調試應注意什么？電熱水器的安裝必須使用配套的專用掛鉤和膨脹管或膨脹螺栓，安裝水平、牢固、美觀、給電熱水器供電的插座一定要有接地，插座與電熱水器插頭應配套。試驗時，應排除熱水器膽內空氣，注滿水后方可通電啟動。編輯人：余芙蓉