電(dian)線電(dian)纜主要由導電線芯，絕緣層(ceng)、護套層(ceng)三個(ge)基本的結構元件(jian)組成。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)區別沒有(you)嚴格的(de)界(jie)限，但(dan)從廣(guang)意上(shang)講(jiang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)結構(gou)較復(fu)(fu)雜，它(ta)有(you)復(fu)(fu)雜的(de)護套層(ceng)(ceng)，而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)結構(gou)比較簡單(dan)有(you)的(de)僅有(you)導(dao)體和(he)(he)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)，有(you)的(de)只(zhi)有(you)編織涂臘輕便護層(ceng)(ceng)或包覆一層(ceng)(ceng)輕型的(de)軟(ruan)護層(ceng)(ceng)．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的(de)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)芯(xin)是(shi)用(yong)于傳輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)．為減小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能損耗及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)降(jiang)，導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)線(xian)芯(xin)一般選用(yong)導(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率高的(de)銅和(he)(he)鋁制成． 絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)作用(yong)是(shi)防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流沿徑向泄漏(lou)，保證使用(yong)安全．因此要求絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)層(ceng)(ceng)要具有(you)良好(hao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)絕(jue)緣(yuan)(yuan)性能．耐(nai)熱性能和(he)(he)一定的(de)機械強(qiang)度。

在絕緣線(xian)芯或(huo)成纜線(xian)芯外面的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)覆(fu)蓋層(ceng)(ceng)稱(cheng)為電(dian)纜的(de)(de)護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)（在護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)外面的(de)(de)保護(hu)(hu)覆(fu)蓋層(ceng)(ceng)則稱(cheng)為外護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)）．護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)主要作用(yong)是(shi)保護(hu)(hu)絕緣層(ceng)(ceng)．它的(de)(de)主要性能(neng)是(shi)防潮(chao)、防油、防腐．防日光老化、耐燃，以及機(ji)械保護(hu)(hu)(外護(hu)(hu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)作用(yong)主要是(shi)加強對電(dian)纜的(de)(de)機(ji)械保護(hu)(hu)．它承受拉(la)力、磕碰)，還(huan)具(ju)有(you)防電(dian)、防磁(ci)干抗(kang)等作用(yong)。

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